Cerebroten is a biologically active supplement with neuroprotective properties which includes 100 mg Ginkgo biloba (Gb), 150 mg Glycine and 5 mg Vitamin B6.
Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo biloba (Gb) is one of the most ancient seed plant. Extract from Gb leaves has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries to treat circulatory disorders, asthma, tinnitus, vertigo, and cognitive problems [1].
The EGb 761 is a standardized formulation of Ginkgo biloba. The use of EGb 761 has not yet garnered FDA approval in the United States, but it is available by prescription in European countries. There are multiple clinical trials that have investigated and are currently investigating its use in various diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), hearing loss, and cognitive deficient conditions like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). EGb 761 is a safe natural product for human use, as it shows minimal side effects, no monoamine oxidase inhibition, and no cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme inhibition, although it may cause CYP3A4 induction. The therapeutic mechanisms of EGb 761 can be attributed to its individual constituents whose differing mechanisms of action may lead to a pharmacological synergy within the formulation. Some reviewes explores the recent clinical and preclinical discoveries and advances in the use of EGb 761 and its individual constituents with a focus on neurological, cardio-, and cerebrovascular pathologies. [2]
GB possesses twenty-seven active compounds with multi-target synergistic actions for the therapeutic approach to neurodegenerative disorders. These compounds may interfere with biological events, such as the activation of transcription factor activities and oxidative reactions. [3]
So in conclusion Ginkgo biloba (Gb) could be considered in the therapeutic and preventative approaches to aging-related conditions, such as neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. From this perspective, GB can be beneficial in chronic degenerative conditions associated with the aging process.
Glycine
Glycine is a non-essential amino acid which is an important component of many proteins and plays a crucial role in the synthesis of many biomolecules, including creatine and purine nucleotides.
Glycine is synthesized endogenously by the body from serine, choline, threonine, and glyoxylate; hence, it has been classified as an unessential amino acid for mammals that has many activities in different systems. Glycine acts as a neurotransmitter and modulates neuronal activity, it plays an important role in the mechanism of pain transmission. Glycine also plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression, protein configuration and activity, and several other biological functions. There are other beneficial activities in which glycine is involved: as antacid, modulator of growing throughout the regulation of growth hormone (GH) synthesis; improves muscle tone, collagen synthesis, tissue restore (scar formation) and delaying muscular degeneration, in addition, it has been reported that glycine also protects the intestine against the harmful effects of radiotherapy in cancer treatment. [4]
There are overwhelming reports supporting the role of supplementary glycine in prevention of many diseases and disorders including cancer. Dietary supplementation of proper dose of glycine is effectual in treating metabolic disorders in patients with cardiovascular diseases, several inflammatory diseases, obesity, cancers, and diabetes. Glycine also has the property to enhance the quality of sleep and neurological functions.[5]
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 is one of the most central molecules in cells of living organisms. It is a critical co-factor for a diverse range of biochemical reactions that regulate basic cellular metabolism, which impact overall physiology.
The many ‘indirect’ aspects that appear to be affected by the vitamin, such as health, abiotic stress tolerance, pathogen susceptibility, or even the virulence of a pathogen, are very promising areas for vitB6 research. Investigations in these fields may lead to new findings and applications that result in novel treatments and medications to cope with stress, depression, or infections. [6]
Аdministration of vitamin B6 vitamers, or the manipulation of vitamer-bound enzymes, has shown promise against cancer, parasitic diseases such as malaria, and Parkinson’s disease. [7]
References
[1] Kleijnen J, Knipschild P. Ginkgo biloba. The Lancet. 1992;340(8828):1136–1139. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Ref list]
[2] Nash KM, Shah ZA. Current Perspectives on the Beneficial Role of Ginkgo biloba in Neurological and Cerebrovascular Disorders. Integr Med Insights. 2015 Nov 9;10:1-9. doi: 10.4137/IMI.S25054. PMID: 26604665; PMCID: PMC4640423.
[3] Barbalho, S.M.; Direito, R.; Laurindo, L.F.; Marton, L.T.; Guiguer, E.L.; Goulart, R.d.A.; Tofano, R.J.; Carvalho, A.C.A.; Flato, U.A.P.; Capelluppi Tofano, V.A.; et al. Ginkgo biloba in the Aging Process: A Narrative Review. Antioxidants 2022, 11, 525. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11030525
[4] Tibbetts A.S., Appling D.R. Compartmentalization of Mammalian folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 2010;30:57–81. doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.012809.104810.
[5] Razak MA, Begum PS, Viswanath B, Rajagopal S. Multifarious Beneficial Effect of Nonessential Amino Acid, Glycine: A Review. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:1716701. doi: 10.1155/2017/1716701. Epub 2017 Mar 1. Erratum in: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Feb 23;2022:9857645. PMID: 28337245; PMCID: PMC5350494.
[6] Parra M, Stahl S, Hellmann H. Vitamin B₆ and Its Role in Cell Metabolism and Physiology. Cells. 2018 Jul 22;7(7):84. doi: 10.3390/cells7070084. PMID: 30037155; PMCID: PMC6071262.
[7] Dakshinamurti, K., Dakshinamurti, S., Czubryt, M.P. (2017). Vitamin B6: Effects of Deficiency, and Metabolic and Therapeutic Functions. In: Preedy, V., Patel, V. (eds) Handbook of Famine, Starvation, and Nutrient Deprivation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40007-5_81-1