PRIMUS MED pharmaceutical company

  • Phone Number

    +37444111107
  • Open Time

    Mon-Fri 09.00-18.00
  • 0070, Armenia, Yerevan, Nar Dos str. 75/126

DEPODE

Depode is a biologically active supplements which includes:

     • Vitamin D3 2000 IU

     • Vitamin K2 (MK-7) 75 mcg

 

Vitamin D
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that regulates calcium and phosphorous levels in the body, whereas the vitamin D3 is the natural form of vitamin D produced by the body from sunlight. Few foods naturally contain vitamin D (oily fish, such as sardines, herring, tuna, mackerel, salmon, and cod liver oil, egg yolks, shiitake mushrooms, liver or organ meats), so dermal synthesis after ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation remains the major route to obtain vitamin D, accounting for 90% of vitamin D replenishment. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is from animal sources and ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) is from plants. Cholesterol-like precursor (7-dehydrocholesterol) in skin epidermal cells can be converted after UVB radiation (wavelength 290–315 nm) into pre-vitamin D, which also isomerizes to vitamin D3. Both vitamin D3 and D2 are biologically inactive. They need further enzymatic conversion to its active forms. [1]
Vitamin D’s role as a hormone has been confirmed in various enzymatic, metabolic, physiological, and pathophysiological processes related to many organs and systems in the human body. There is broad agreement that optimal vitamin D status is necessary for bones, muscles, and one’s general health, as well as for the efficacy of antiresorptive and anabolic bone-forming treatments. [2]
In recent decades, interest in vitamin D has increased exponentially, particularly as a vitamin D deficit has been associated with multiple diseases, and, globally, there appears to be a high vitamin D deficiency. [3] Vitamin D insufficiency affects almost 50% of the population worldwide. An estimated 1 billion people worldwide, across all ethnicities and age groups, have a vitamin D deficiency (VDD). [4] The high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is a particularly important public health issue because hypovitaminosis D is an independent risk factor for total mortality in the general population. [5] There is consensus that daily intake of 400 IU of vitamin D can prevent nutritional rickets in infants and children. [6]
As mentioned, most of the vitamin D requirement is acquired by sun exposure. However, it is not reasonable to recommend a universal dose of sun exposure that can fit everyone, sufficient to obtain the indispensable annual requirement of vitamin D. The principal aim of the therapy is to replenish vitamin D stores, afterwards, patients continue on a maintenance dose. Since dietary sources are unlikely to be sufficient, especially for vegetarians and vegans, supplements are often necessary to properly correct vitamin D deficiency. Moreover, in conditions where sun exposure is inadequate, or cutaneous synthesis is decreased, e.g., in older adults, who are at a high risk of severe deficiency, prescribing vitamin D supplements is often necessary. The rational for supplying adequate amounts is that high serum PTH concentrations, even in patients with subclinical vitamin D deficiency, may contribute to bone fragility and falls in older adults. [7]

Vitamin K2
Vitamin K1 (VitK1) and Vitamin K2 (VitK2), two important naturally occurring micronutrients in the VitK family, found, respectively, in green leafy plants and algae (VitK1) and animal and fermented foods (VitK2). [8] Compared to vitamin K1 (phylloquinone), K2-7 is absorbed more readily and is more bioavailable. [9]
Vitamin K2 is a vital nutrient newly recognized for supporting bone and cardiovascular health, shown in observational and intervention trials, in healthy and patient populations, in adults and children. Even more recently, it has come to light that K2 status and the vitamin’s mechanism of action impact other health areas, including but not limited to brain health, healthy joints, neuropathy, and vision health. This evidence lends itself to the argument that correcting a widespread vitamin K2 deficiency can significantly improve global health. So the first step in remedying that deficiency is establishing a vitamin K2-specific recommended daily intake. [10]
Results of different clinical trials that tested the influence of vitamin K2 supplementation on human health status have shown that it either significantly improved it or strongly correlated. Researchers postulate that consistent consumption of vitamin K2 can reduce the risk of occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, bone loss, and, potentially, other age-related diseases. Bearing in mind this nature of vitamin K2 action on decreasing the development of diseases commonly linked to aging, steps should be taken by scientific and food policy makers to review the literature on the current state of vitamin K2 research and consider establishing an RDI for vitamin K2 to significantly improve global health and reduce the socioeconomic consequences of an aging population. [10]

 


References:
[1] Szu-Wen Chang a, Hung-Chang Lee Vitamin D and health - The missing vitamin in humans https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2019.04.007
[2] Dominguez LJ, Farruggia M, Veronese N, Barbagallo M. Vitamin D Sources, Metabolism, and Deficiency: Available Compounds and Guidelines for Its Treatment. Metabolites. 2021 Apr 20;11(4):255. doi: 10.3390/metabo11040255. PMID: 33924215; PMCID: PMC8074587.
[3] Melamed ML, Michos ED, Post W, Astor B. 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of mortality in the general population. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:1629–37.
[4] Nair R, Maseeh A. Vitamin D: The "sunshine" vitamin. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2012 Apr;3(2):118-26. doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.95506. PMID: 22629085; PMCID: PMC3356951.
[5] Bouillon, R., Manousaki, D., Rosen, C. et al. The health effects of vitamin D supplementation: evidence from human studies. Nat Rev Endocrinol 18, 96–110 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-021-00593-z
[6] Bouillon, R., Manousaki, D., Rosen, C. et al. The health effects of vitamin D supplementation: evidence from human studies. Nat Rev Endocrinol 18, 96–110 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-021-00593-z
[7] Dominguez LJ, Farruggia M, Veronese N, Barbagallo M. Vitamin D Sources, Metabolism, and Deficiency: Available Compounds and Guidelines for Its Treatment. Metabolites. 2021 Apr 20;11(4):255. doi: 10.3390/metabo11040255. PMID: 33924215; PMCID: PMC8074587.
[8] Yan Q, Zhang T, O'Connor C, Barlow JW, Walsh J, Scalabrino G, Xu F, Sheridan H. The biological responses of vitamin K2: A comprehensive review. Food Sci Nutr. 2023 Jan 6;11(4):1634-1656. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3213. PMID: 37051359; PMCID: PMC10084986.
[9] Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, Synergia Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai: Molecular Pathways and Roles for Vitamin K2-7 as a Health-Beneficial Nutraceutical: Challenges and Opportunities https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.896920
[10] Maresz K. Growing Evidence of a Proven Mechanism Shows Vitamin K2 Can Impact Health Conditions Beyond Bone and Cardiovascular. Integr Med (Encinitas). 2021 Aug;20(4):34-38. PMID: 34602875; PMCID: PMC8483258.